Pseudomonas brassicacearum的数量分布差异及生物防治小麦全蚀病和油菜根腐病

通过3种PCR技术测定基因特征和测定3种生化特征,对来自南澳洲两块对比小麦田土壤中的Pseudomonas brassicacearum种群的菌株进行了分析研究.结果显示,两种不同土壤和两种不同根部区域(根表和根际),该种群具有高度多样性,其基因型和基因组也具有显著差异(P<0.05).所分离到的菌株中,四分之三具有独特的基因组,90%以上的基因组是其原种群所独具有的.所有菌株的基因组的平均同源性比较低(22%),聚类分析不能证明来自不同小麦田和不同根部区域的菌株具有亲缘性.聚类分析显示,种群内的基因流动是受到限制的,菌株基因组的差异是由于基因的随机漂流引起的,由根表得到的基因型是与所采集的对比土壤相关联的.有三分之一的菌株检测到了2,4-二乙酰基均苯三酚(PhlD)生物合成基因,这些菌株形成了一相关联的组群(同源性为60%).4株产生PhlD的菌株(两种野生型,表型不同)对小麦全蚀病和腐霉引起的油菜根腐病具有显著的防治效果,展现出了对这类病原菌引起的根部病害的防治潜能.

Geographic differentiation of Pseudomonas brassicacearum populations and bio-control of take-all disease of wheat and Pythium root rot of canola

Strains representing populations of Pseudomonas brassicacearum from two contrasting South Australian wheat field soils were characterised by 3 PCR-based genotyping techniques and 3 phenotypic traits. Populations were highly diverse and significant levels of genotypic and bacterial-haplotype differentiation (G_ ST and X 2) were observed between the two geographical and two root-zone (i.e. rhizoplane and rhizosphere) populations(P<0.05).Three quarters of all strains had unique haplotypes and greater than 90% of these were specific to their population of origin. The average haplotype similarity among all strains was low (22%) and cluster analysis provided no evidence of relatedness on geographical origin or position in the root zone. These analyses indicate restrictions to inter-population gene flow and suggest that differentiation was due to random genetic drift and rhizoplane-based genotypic selection associated with the contrasting soils. One third of all strains tested positive for the 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthesis gene(PhlD) and formed a related group (60% similarity).Four PhlD-positive strains(two wild types and their phenotypic variants) gave significant (P<0.05) bio-control of wheat take-all disease and Pythium damping-off of canola,indicating potential to control root disease complexes caused by these pathogens.