早期道家对先秦宗教传统的改造

中国传统文化是多元融合而成的,道家尤其有这种色彩.曾任周史官的老子一方面精通周礼、娴熟于礼乐文化;另一方面又浸染有楚文化的内蕴.这使他在批判周礼时能毫不留情,又能直指其要害.老子以哲学本体论的"道"批判西周的宗教之天,扬弃了西周的宗法宗教传统.老子的自然本体论思想丢弃了西周的尚德精神,保持一种价值中立的观点.这使道家的楚文化背景发生影响.荆楚文化崇尚巫风和多神体系,而巫术是一种工具化的宗教思维.道家之所以能后启道教正是这种巫术思维影响的必然结果.

The Influence of Early Taoism upon Pre-Qin Dynasty

The Chinese traditional culture is a diverse fusion, and Taoism has shown this color in particular.Laozi,the founder of Taoism,was once a versatile official,who was,on one hand,familiar with the Zhou rites and talented in music;on the other hand,dip-dye in the Chu culture.That has made him a quality to criticize the Zhou rites to the point without sympathy.His philosophical ontology criticizes the religion of early Zhou dynasty,retaining its traditional essence,whereas,in his nature ontology,he rejects morality spirits to keep neutral.This is where Chu culture (Taoism) comes from,later it upholds witchcraft and multi-divinity,which subsequently influence Taoism greatly.