基于有限元的散体货物对敞车静侧压力研究

以C80B敞车为研究对象,基于有限单元法,由连续介质理论,认为散体货物服从Drucker-Prager屈服准则,采用面面接触法建立敞车三维有限元模型,对散体作用于敞车端、侧墙的静侧压力进行有限元分析,并对散体的内摩擦角、泊松比、散体与敞车摩擦角进行参数分析.研究结果表明:侧压力沿敞车墙高非线性分布;侧压力在敞车端、侧墙处由中心至两端侧压力逐渐减小,呈现一种立体化分布的状态;内摩擦角增大导致侧压力减小的趋势逐步的放缓;泊松比增大导致侧压力减小的趋势逐步的增大;外摩擦角对端、侧墙侧压力的影响并不相同;外摩擦角对散体侧压力的影响较之内摩擦角、泊松比要微弱.

Research on the static lateral pressure of granular cargo on an gondola train based on the finite element method

The C80B gondola train is regarded as a research object in this paper. According to the finite element method and the continuum theory, the granular cargo was considered to obey the yield criterion of Drucker-Prager, and the 3D finite element model of an gondola train was set up according to the ＇surface to surface＇ method. The finite element analysis of static lateral pressure of the granular cargo on the end and side walls was carried out. Some parameters, such as the internal friction angle of the granular cargo, the friction angle between the granular cargo and the gondola train, and the Poisson ratio, were also analysed. The results show that the distribution of lateral pressure with wall height is non-linear, the side pressure from the center to the two ends at the end and side walls of the gondola train becomes smaller and it is distributed three dimensionally. The bigger the internal friction angle, the slower the side pressure decreases. The bigger the Poisson ratio, the faster the side pressure decreases. The effects of the external friction angle on the side pressure of the end and side walls are different. The effects of the external friction angle on the side pressure of the granular cargo are weaker compared with those of the internal friction angle and Poisson ratio.