新疆石河子-沙湾地区博尔通古牧场硬蜱形态学和16S rDNA序列分析研究

为了掌握新疆石河子-沙湾地区博尔通古牧场畜牧体表寄生硬蜱的分布情况及物种多样性,对该地区12个调查点的寄生蜱类进行考察,采用形态学分类及16S rDNA序列进行遗传进化分析的方法对采集的323只羊和228只牛寄生硬蜱进行研究,从中选取26只硬蜱进行线粒体16S rDNA序列扩增、测序,并与34种GenBank参考序列进行遗传进化分析。结果显示:该地区共鉴定出2科3属7个种的硬蜱。其中2种硬蜱与边缘革蜱(Z97879)16S rDNA序列同源性分别为98.2%和96.8%,遗传距离为0.021和0.026;1种硬蜱与森林革蜱(JF979379)、草原革蜱(JF979375)16S rDNA序列的同源性为95%和96.3%,遗传距离为0.039和0.042;3种硬蜱基因序列与亚洲璃眼蜱(JF979380)16S rDNA的同源性为98.3%~99.8%,遗传距离为0.003~0.017;且获得的1种硬蜱,与刻点血蜱(Z97880)同源性完全相同。结论:首次应用形态学和16S rDNA序列分析报道了新疆石河子-沙湾地区博尔通古牧场牛、羊体表寄生的硬蜱种类,16S rDNA测序分析表明该地区硬蜱与GenBank报道的国际硬蜱有一定差异性,与国内其它省份分离的硬蜱16S rDNA序列亦不完全相同,具有区域差异性。

Morphology and 16S rDNA Sequence Analysis of Ixodid Ticks Collected from Boertonggu Pasture in Shihezi-Shawan Region,Xinjiang

To study the distribution and genetic diversity of the ticks, 551 adult ticks investigated from 12 sampling sites,which were collected from sheep and cattle at Boertonggu pasture in Shihezi-Shawan Region, Xinjiang Province,were firstly sampled and grouped based on morphological identification.26 representative ticks were selected to isolate their DNA to amplify their nucleotides of 16 S rDNA sequence.The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotides showed that 2 Ixodidae,3 Class,7species were screened out.Two of 16 S rDNA sequences showed 98.2% and 96.8% identities to Dermacetor marginatus,and their genetic distance were 0.021 and 0.026,respectively. One sequence showed 95% identity to Dermacentor silvarum as well as96.3% identity to Dermacetor nuttalli,and their genetic distances were 0.039 and 0.042,respectively.Three sequences showed98.3% to 99.8% identities to Hyalomma asiaticum,and their genetic distance range from 0.003 to 0.017.In addition,one Ixodes species had 100% identity to H.punctata.In conclusion,Ixodes species are firstly reported from Boertonggu pasture in ShiheziShawan region.16 S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that tick species from Boertonggu pasture had genetic divergence.