乳化原油破乳剂

综述了乳化原油破乳中使用的两类破乳剂，即油包水乳化原油破乳剂和水包油乳化原油破乳剂。重点介绍了它们的发展过程、重要的破乳剂、破乳机理和发展趋势。研究认为，一次采油和二次采油采出的乳化原油多是油包水乳化原油，其破乳剂主要是高分子非离子型表面活性剂．通过取代、聚结、增溶等机理起作用；三次采油采出的乳化原油多是水包油乳化原油，其破乳剂主要是表面活性剂和高分子，通过反应、取代、抵消、聚结等机理起作用，这两类破乳剂发展的总趋势是多成分复配使用。

DEMULSIFIERS FOR CRUDE OIL EMULSION

Two types of dcmulsifiers in dcmulsification of water- in- oil crude oil emulsionand oil-in-water crude oil emulsion are reviewed in this paper.The developing process. important demulsifiers,demulsifying mechanisms and developing tendcncy of the demulsifiersare descrlbcd.Author holds that crude oil emulsions produccd from primary and secondary oilrecovery are mostly water-in-oil and crude oil cniulsion produced from tertiary oil recoveryare mostly oil-in-water. and that demulsificrs for the former are chlcfly macromolecularsurfactants by the demulsifying mechanisms uf substitution,aggregation and solubilization anddemulsi fiers for the lattcr are chiefly surfactants and macromolecules by the demulsifyingmechanisms of reaction,substitution,countcraction and aggregation. The general developingtendcncy of two types of demulsificrs arc compounded application of multiple ingrcdicnts.