试论清统一新疆后的灾民安置措施

清统一新疆后,面对灾民颠沛流离、土尔扈特部回归、社会动荡、土地荒芜、百废待兴的局面,积极采取灾民安置措施及相关政策安置灾民;同时,为了维护统治地位、妥善安置灾民和鼓励灾民恢复生产,制定了具有全国共性和新疆地方特色的赈灾措施,解决了灾民的生计问题,缓解了内地、主要是陕甘地区的人口压力。清政府还固土兴边,使得新疆的经济社会秩序得到恢复并取得较快发展,维护了新疆的社会稳定,达到了屯垦戍边、巩固疆域的目的。

Refugees Relocation Measures after the Unification of Xinjiang by Qing Government

After the unification of Xinjiang, faced with many homeless, Turehot tribeg return, social disorder, deserted land and many things to be done, Qing Government took active measures and relevant policies to relocate the refugees, meanwhile, in order to maintain its dominant position, relocate refugees and restore production, disaster relief measures, typical of national commonality and Xinjiang specialty, were laid down to solve their livelihood and ease the population pressure on the mainland, esp. on Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. On the other hang, Qing Government adopted other measures to safeguard the frontier land, restore the economic and social order, maintain the social stability in Xinjiang, having reached the target of stationing troops for opening up wasteland and guarding the frontier and strengthening the territory of Xinjiang.