艾滋病疫苗的研究进展

2005年初,在全球六大州19个国家共有35个艾滋病疫苗候选进入了人体早期临床实验。选用的抗原一般均着眼于诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫双重效果。从疫苗的存在形式上看,可供选择的HIV候选疫苗包括下列几种:传统疫苗(灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗)、合成肽和蛋白亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗以及活载体疫苗。目前新型疫苗研究策略包括抗原改造加强免疫原性、免疫佐剂协同以提高疫苗免疫反应强度;新型免疫策略包括初免/加强免疫策略和粘膜免疫策略。由于粘膜感染是艾滋病病毒感染的主要途径之一,因而,探索经粘膜免疫是未来疫苗发展的重要方向。中国艾滋病疫苗研究领域的现状是挑战与机遇并存,需要相关领域专家的共同努力,以促进我国艾滋病疫苗研究的发展。

Progresses of HIV/AIDS Vaccine Research

There are about 35 HIV vaccine candidates around the world entered into early phase of clinical trial at the beginning of 2005. The selected antigens usually could induce both cellular and humoral immune response. Currently the HIV vaccine candidates include traditional vaccine (killed or attenuated vaccine), peptide, protein subunit, DNA vaccine and live vectorial vaccine. The immunization strategies were developed to increase the immunogenicity through antigen priming/boosting, and mucosa immunization. There are both modification, immune adjuvant co-inoculation, numerous opportunities and challenges in the field of Chinese HIV vaccine research, therefore, we should work closely and effectively to facilitate HIV vaccine development.