不同基础上板结构老顶的断裂摸式及其对采面来压的影响

本文以现场观测及岩样试验为基础，将长壁工作面老顶视为弹性薄板，将支撑老顶的直接顶与煤层（基础）分别视为弹性，弹塑性，粘弹性及粘塑性基础，亦即，将老顶及其基础（直接顶与煤层）分别视为四种统一的空间结构模型，并通过薄板弯曲边界元法分别与弹性，弹塑性，粘弹性及粘塑性边界元法耦合，对上述空间结构进行求解，得出了如下结论：１、在通常的长里工作面条件（ｂ／ａ＞１）下，除了断裂位置及来压显现不同外，在弹性，弹塑性，粘弹性及粘塑性基础上的老顶矩形板的初次断裂模式均为横Ｘ型，周期断裂模式均为横半Ｘ型，亦即，不论基础类型如何，老顶的初次断裂模式均为横Ｘ型，周期断裂模式均为横半Ｘ型。２、当板式老顶断裂后，其断口参差不齐，且基本垂直于老顶悬板的主张应力迹线。在老顶运动与转过程中，各断裂岩板之间仍处于联锁咬合状态，由于咬合面上强大的剪切力的作用，在咬合面附近形成了类似于刚——塑性的准塑性区。因此，我们认为，板式老顶断裂后，形成了咬合板结构。当ｂ／ａ＞１时，初次断裂的老顶将形成三咬板或正三咬板结构，这一结构的失稳便引起工作面初次来压，周期断裂的老顶亦将形成三咬板或料三咬板结构，这一结构的失稳便引起采面周期来压。３、随着基础（直接顶与煤

FRACTURED PATTERNS OF PLATE STRUCTURAL MAIN ROOF ON DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ROOF PRESSURE IN COAL FACE

In this paper, based on field observation and rock sample tests, main roof strata in longwall face are regarded as elastic thin plate, and immediate roofsand coal seams of supporting main roof are respectively viewed as elastic, elastoplastic, viscoelastic and viscoplastic foundations, which means that the immediateroof, coal seam and their overlying main roof strata are considered as unified realthree dementional space structures. By means of coupling respectively betweenboundary element method (BEM) of thin plate bending and elastic, elstoplastic,viscoelastic and viscoplastic BEM, the space structures are evaluated, and some ofconclusions on roof pressure in coal face are drawn.