青海湖发光细菌的分离鉴定及电镜观察

2004年由青海湖裸鲤体表及内脏中分得22株发光细菌，经51项表型特性测定及免疫学测定，结果表明属于已知的淡水型发光菌弧菌属的青海弧菌(Vibrio qinghaiensis).它们在营养方面可以利用几十种有机物作为唯一的碳源与能源，能在细胞内累积聚β-羟丁酸，生长最适pH值为9.0.不需要Na^＋就可以生长与发光，最适生长盐度为1％~1.2％.本次分得的22株细菌还比较耐温，均可在40 ℃中生长，以前报道的青海弧菌菌株在40 ℃生长的仅为10％.电镜负染色形态观察到细菌表面除单极生鞭毛外，周生还具有短柱状、管状及条索状的突起物，其长短不一.电镜超薄切片也观察到体表有微小突起和泡状突起，与菌毛明显不同.这是从未在其它发光细菌中见到过的.

Isolation and identification of luminous bacteria from the Qinghai Lake and observation by electronic microscope(Chinese)

The twenty-two strains of luminous bacteria from the body of the fish,Gymnocypris przewalkii, in Qinghai Lake, were isolated .They were submitted to an extensive phenotypic characterization, which included the test of their ability to utilize 51 organic compounds.The results indicated that the twenty-two strains belonged in the Vibrio qinghaiensis. They could utilize many kinds of organic compounds as sole carbon source and energy source ,and accumulate PHB in their cells. Their optimal growth pH was of pH 9.0.They could grow in media without sodium ions, and the salt concentration of their optimal growth was of 1%~1.2%. So they were different from the luminous bacteria living in sea water. In addition, all of these isolated twenty-two strains could grow at 40 ℃,and previously reported strains of Vibrio qinghaiensis were only of 10% at this temperature. The morphology observation using electronic microscope showed that on the surface of the bacteria there were some peripheral tubular projections, besides a polar single flagellum, and these projections were evidently different from bacteria flagella or pili, and which were never reported previously on the other species of luminescent bacteria now.