论张宇初的文艺辩证思想

作为明代道教美学思想的代表,张宇初的文艺美学思想中不乏辩证成分,在"文质"关系和"虚实"关系方面都留下了一些精辟之见。在文学内容与形式的关系问题上,张宇初认为"华"与"质"各有其长处与短处,处理文质关系最理想的方式是由"华"反"质",达到"文"与"质"合乎自然的和谐;在"虚实"关系问题上,张宇初从哲学思辨的角度进行了论证,认为应以"虚"为本、"实"为用,在文艺作品中做到"虚实"完美结合。

On Dialectical Literature Aesthetics of Zhang Yu-chu

As the representative of Taoist aesthetics of the Ming Dynasty, there was no lack of dialectical constituent in Zhang Yu-chu＇s aesthetic thoughts. He left some incisive opinions on content and form as well as empty and reality. On the relationship between content and form of literature, Zhang Yu-chu thought each of them has its strongpoints and shortcomings, the best way to deal with the relationship between the content and form of literature is returning from beautiful form to substance itself to reach a state of harmony which obeys the rule of nature. On the relationship between empty and reality, Zhang Yu-chu discussed it from a perspective of philosophy, and he held the viewpoint that art and literature should base on empty and use reality to make empty and reality combine perfectly.