输血相关不良反应发生特点及相关因素分析

目的探讨输血相关不良反应发生特点及相关因素.方法选取输血患者9 264例,分析其中出现输血不良反应患者的输血类型、临床特点、相关影响因素.结果本次研究的9 264例输血患者中,出现输血反应49例,发生率为0.529%,其中无溶血反应.过敏反应发生例数为37例,占总输血患者的75.51%,发热反应12例.对血浆、红细胞悬液、血小板、冷沉淀这4种常见的血液成分的输血反应发生率之间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05).其中血小板组输血反应发生率明显高于血浆、红细胞悬液、冷沉淀组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).年龄18岁的未成年组输血反应发生率明显高于年龄≥18岁的成年组,有输血史、过敏史组输血反应发生率明显高于无输血史、过敏史组,以上差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05).儿童血液病区组输血反应发生率明显高于血液科,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).使用白细胞滤器输注红细胞的患者中发热反应的发生率明显降低.结论对于输注血小板、有输血史或过敏史、未成年或血液病区的患者应更加警惕输血不良反应,可积极采用滤除白细胞过滤器,以减少不良反应的发生率.

Analysis on Characteristics and Related Factors of Adverse Reactions Associated with Blood Transfusion

Objective To investigate the characteristics and related factors of adverse reactions associated with blood transfusion. Method A total of 9 264 patients accepted blood transfusion were selected. The types,clinical characteristics and related factors of the patients with adverse reactions were analyzed. Results Among of 9 264 patients,transfusion reactions occurred in 49 cases with the incidence rate of 0. 529%. There was no hemolytic reaction,allergic reaction occurred in 37 cases with the rate of 75. 51%,and fever symptom showed in 12 cases. There were significant differences in the incidences of blood transfusion reactions (P<0. 05) among plasma,red blood cell suspension,platelets and cold precipitation. The incidence rate of platelet group was significantly higher than that of the plasma,red blood cell suspension and cold precipitation groups (P<0. 05). The incidence rate of the minors was obvious higher than that of the adults ( P<0 . 05 ) , and the adverse reactions occurred much frequently in the patients with transfusion history or allergic history than in the group without history (P<0. 05). The reaction rate of children was significantly higher than that of the patients in hematology department (P<0. 05). The incidence of fever decreased obviously in the patients accepted red blood cell transfusion through leucocyte filter. Conclusion The patients accepted platelets transfusion,have blood transfusion or allergic history,under 18 years old,and patients in hematology department should be more alert to the occurrence of adverse reactions. To reduce the adverse reactions,leucocyte filter is an effective device.