腹泻患者诺如病毒感染的流行状况及临床特点

目的探讨腹泻患者诺如病毒感染的流行状况及临床特点.方法选取肠道门诊收治的腹泻患者1 904例,采集患者的粪便标本进行诺如病毒核酸检测,同时整理患者的人口学资料和症状表现.结果 1 904例腹泻患者中,诺如病毒感染阳性271例(14.23%),以寒冷月份感染阳性率较高.不同性别患者之间诺如病毒感染阳性率之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);6月龄~5岁年龄段的诺如病毒感染阳性率最高,5~18岁年龄段阳性率最低,各年龄段之间差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.01);散居和托幼儿童中感染阳性率最高,服务业感染阳性率最低,不同职业之间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).不同临床诊断的患者中诺如病毒感染阳性率之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05).诺如病毒感染阳性患者恶心、呕吐发生率明显高于阴性患者,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.01);两组患者发热、腹痛的发生率之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05).两组患者外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞以及腹痛部位、腹泻次数、粪便性状之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05).结论诺如病毒是本地区肠道门诊腹泻患者的重要病原菌,6月龄~5岁年龄段儿童诺如病毒感染风险最高,恶心、呕吐为诺如病毒感染的多发症状.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Norovirus in Patients with Diarrhea

Objective To explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of norovirus in the patients with diarrhea. Method A total of 1 904 patients with diarrhea were collected,and samples of their feces were collected for the detection of viral nucleic acid. Meanwhile, the demographic data and the symptoms of the patients were collected as well. Results Among the 1 904 patients with diarrhea,271 cases (14. 23%) were infected by the virus with higher positive rate in cold months. The difference in positive infection rate between different genders was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). Children from 6 months to 5 years old were infected the most easily,and the positive rate of 5 ~18 years old persons was the lowest. The differences among different age groups showed statistical significance (P<0. 01). The infection rate of scattered and kindergarten children was the highest,while the rate in service industry was the lowest. There were obvious differences among different careers (P<0. 05),but the differences was not significant among the patients with different clinical diagnosis (P>0. 05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the infected patients was significantly higher than that of the negative group (P<0. 01),but the difference in the incidence of fever and abdominal pain was not significant (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes,neutrophils and lymphocytes,location of pain,diarrhea times and stool characteristics between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Norovirus is an important pathogen inducing diarrhea in the local area. Children from 6 months to 5 years old suffer the highest risk of infection,while nausea and vomiting are common symptoms.