长期参与有氧运动大学生执行功能相关脑网络特征

本研究旨在探索长期参与有氧运动的男性大学生执行功能相关脑网络的特征，并与静坐少动的对照组进行比较。收集15名规律参与有氧运动的男性大学生以及15名静坐少动对照组男性大学生脑结构及静息态功能磁共振成像数据。使用度中心度和独立成分分析两种方法评价脑网络特征：计算并提取14个执行功能相关脑区度中心度值（degree centrality, DC），采用独立成分分析方法（independent component analysis, ICA）提取四个与执行功能相关的脑网络成分。组间对比发现：1）有氧运动组双侧后扣带回皮层以及双侧海马区度中心度水平显著高于静坐少动组（p < 0.05），而静坐少动组右侧顶下小叶度中心度水平显著高于有氧运动组（p < 0.05）；2）有氧运动组在默认网络、背侧注意网络及腹侧注意网络均有脑区激活高于静坐少动组，峰值分别出现在右颞下回、颞极以及左腹侧后扣带回（AlphaSim校正，p < 0.001）；而静坐少动组腹侧注意网络在左侧在壳核高于有氧运动组（AlphaSim校正，p < 0.001）。研究结果表明：长期参与有氧运动的大学生，其执行功能相关脑网络激活模式优于静坐少动大学生，而这种差异主要是通过增加海马和后扣带回皮层而不是额叶皮层在脑网络中的重要性来实现的。

Research on brain network characteristics related to executive function in college students engaging in long-term aerobic exercise

The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of executive function-related brain networks in male college students engaged in long-term aerobic exercise and compare them with a sedentary control group. We collected brain structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 15 male college students regularly engaged in aerobic exercise and 15 male college students in the sedentary control group. Degree Centrality (DC) values were then calculated and extracted within 14 executive function-related brain regions. In addition, four executive function-related brain networks were extracted by means of independent component analysis (ICA). The intergroup comparison revealed that: 1) The aerobic exercise group shows significantly higher DC in the bilateral PCC and HC than the sedentary group. In contrast, the sedentary group shows significantly higher DC in the rIPL than the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). 2) The aerobic exercise group shows stronger activation in the DMN, DAN, and VAN within the inferior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, and ventral posterior cingulate gyrus, respectively. While the sedentary group shows stronger activation in VAN within the area of the putamen (AlphaSim corrected, p < 0.001). The research results indicate that: executive function-related brain networks are more active in male college students who engaged in long-term regular aerobic exercises, among which the HC and post-PCC played a crucial role.