松嫩典型黑土带土壤碳氮磷储量空间分布特征

松嫩典型黑土带分布着高有机质和高肥力的黑土资源,长期超负荷耕作致使土壤有机质含量大幅下降,开展土壤营养元素储量研究对黑土资源保护和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文以松嫩典型黑土带为研究区,基于野外土壤样本化验分析数据,利用地统计分析等方法,对0~20 cm耕层内土壤全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)空间分布特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:松嫩典型黑土带土壤TC、TN、TP储量均高于全国水平,含量分别达19.25 g/kg、1.88 g/kg、1.28 g/kg；TC、TN、TP高密度热值区和高聚集区主要分布在松嫩典型黑土带北部,TC、TN、TP自北向南呈现降低趋势；C/N、C/P和N/P在该区北部空间聚集性较高；土壤粉粒含量在30%以上,TC、TN和TP含量较高,分别介于6.86~74.74 g/kg、0.94~5.93 g/kg、0.66~3.76 g/kg之间；TC、TN和TP储量受土壤pH、年均温度、年均降水量和地形等因素影响较大。研究为黑土资源保护和农业可持续发展提供科学依据。

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Reserves in Songnen Typical Black Soil Belt

The Songnen typical black soil belt is distributed with black soil resources with high organic quality and high fertility. Long-term overloaded farming has led to a significant reduction in soil organic matter content. Carrying out research on soil nutrient reserves is of great significance to the protection of black soil resources and national food security. This paper takes the Songnen typical black soil belt as the research area, based on the laboratory analysis data of field soil samples, and uses land statistical analysis and other methods to study the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) soil in the 0~20 cm tillage layer. The results show that the soil TC, TN and TP reserves of the Songnen typical black soil belt are higher than the national level, with content reaching of 19.25 g/kg, 1.88 g/kg and 1.28 g/kg respectively. High-value nuclear density areas and high aggregation areas are mainly distributed in the northern part of the Songnen typical black soil belt, and TC, TN and TP show a decreasing trend from north to south. C/N, C/P and N/P have high spatial aggregation in the north of the study. The soil silt content is more than 30%, and the TC, TN and TP content are relatively high, between 6.86~74.74 g/kg, 0.94~5.93 g/kg and 0.66~3.76 g/kg respectively. The soil TC, TN and TP reserves are greatly affected by soil pH, average annual temperature, average annual precipitation and topography and other factors. The research can provide a scientific basis for the protection of black soil resources and sustainable agricultural development.