基于PCA-熵权TOPSIS法的汉中天麻外观性状与成分含量综合评价研究

为探究天麻（Gastrodia elata Bl.）质量评价的重要指标，本研究测定了27份陕西省汉中市天麻样品的外观性状、气味、颜色、含水量、浸出物和主要有效成分的含量，采用主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis，PCA）法确定其主要成分，结合熵权TOPSIS（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution）法得出天麻质量评价体系中各评价指标的权重，并对天麻质量进行综合评价。结果表明汉中市宁强县、略阳县、勉县产出的天麻在块茎粗、螺环纹数、鲜重、干重、颜色明亮度和总色度值上有一定差异；水分、浸出物含量以略阳县最高；天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇总含量以宁强县最高，勉县所产天麻的天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇含量接近，其成分含量比例与其他县差异显著；此外，宁强县所产天麻的巴利森苷类成分含量最高。PCA-熵权TOPSIS法评价结果显示，宁强县、略阳县天麻排名靠前，各项指标中颜色因子、巴利森苷类因子、气味因子权重较大，因此天麻质量评价应注重颜色、气味以及巴利森苷类成分含量。

Comprehensive Evaluation of Appearance Traits and Component Contents of Gastrodia elata Bl.Hanzhong based on PCA-entropy Weight TOPSIS Method

In order to explore the important indexes of Gastrodia elata Bl. for quality evaluation, the appearance trait, odor, color, water content, extract and main effective components of 27 samples of G.elata were determined and integrated by Principal ComponentAnalysis (PCA) combined with entropy weight Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The results showed that there were some differences in tuber diameter, whorl number, fresh weight, dry weight, color brightness and total chromaticity of G.elata Bl. between Ningqiang County, Lueyang County and Mian County.The content of water and extract was the highest in Lueyang County.The total content of gastrodin and P-hydroxybenzylalcohol in Ningqiang County is the highest, and the content of gastrodin and P-hydroxybenzylalcohol in Mian county was similar.Moreover, the proportion of component content is significantly different from that in other counties.In addition, the content of Parishin was the highest in Ningqiang County.According to the PCA-entropy weight TOPSIS method, Ningqiang county and Lueyang County ranked top, and the factors of color, Parishin and odor in each index were heavily weighted.Therefore, the color, odor and Parishin component content should be paid attention to in the quality evaluation.