智能化信息系统对飞行员视觉搜索特性的影响

为探究飞行员使用智能化信息系统的视觉搜索特性，设计以信息系统等级（交互式辅助系统和电子飞行手册）为自变量、以视觉搜索特性（视觉搜索特征和绩效水平）为因变量的对比实验，记录20名航线飞行员在模拟机实验场景中所关注的各人机交互界面的眼动数据，通过统计分析、构建视觉搜索绩效评估模型，反映飞行员视觉搜索特征及绩效水平。结果表明：两组飞行员的注视总持续时间、注视总持续时间占比、注视次数等视觉搜索特征存在显著差异，且随着信息系统智能化等级的提高，飞行员在单发失效和襟翼卡阻故障场景中的视觉搜索绩效水平有效提高且工作负荷降低。由此，验证了信息系统自动化程度的提高在复杂场景下能对飞行员的工作绩效产生正效应，可为驾驶舱人机交互界面的设计、优化及迭代提供理论参考，保证飞行安全。

Effects of Intelligent Information Systems on Visual Search Characteristics of Pilots

To investigate the visual search characteristics of pilots'' use of intelligent information systems, a comparison experiment was designed with the level of information system (interactive assistance system and electronic flight manuals) as independent variables, and visual search characteristics (visual search characteristics and performance levels) as dependent variables. The eye tracking data of each human-computer interaction interface that 20 airline pilots paid attention to in the simulator experiment scenarios were recorded. According to statistical analysis and evaluation model of visual searching performance, these pilots’ visual searching characteristics and performance levels could be presented. The results show that there are significant differences in the visual search characteristics of the two groups of pilots, such as the total fixation duration, the proportion of the total fixation duration, and the number of fixations. With the improvement of the intelligence level of the information system, the visual search performance level of pilots in the scenarios of single engine failure and flap locked effectively improves and the workload decreases. Thus, it is verified that the improvement of the automation degree of the information system can have a positive effect on the pilot''s work performance in complex scenarios, and can provide theoretical references for the design, optimization and iteration of the cockpit human-computer interaction interface to ensure flight safety.