基于改进社会力模型的超市布局疏散研究

超市的应急疏散具有路线复杂、人员密度大的特点，是安全应急疏散领域需要解决的核心关键问题之一。本文基于社会力模型与A星算法建立了人员应急疏散模型，解决了社会力模型存在的人员重叠和非现实轨迹问题，研究表明，区别于SFPE(society of fire protection engineers)模式中的人员重叠现象和Steering模式中的人员绕行现象，所提出的模型符合实际的紧急疏散行为。应用本文模型对某超市3种出口处货架、展示台平面布局进行建模分析，结果表明，货架纵向布局及布置展示台疏散时间都较横向布局短；不同布置主要影响出口区域人员密度，造成疏散效果不同。

Research on Supermarket Layout Evacuation Based on Improved Social Force Model

The emergency evacuation of the supermarket has the characteristics of a complex route and high personnel density, which is one of the critical problems to be solved in the field of safety emergency evacuation. This paper established a personnel emergency evacuation model based on the social force model and A-star algorithm, solving personnel overlap problems and unrealistic trajectories in the social force model. The research shows that the proposed model accords with the actual emergency evacuation behavior, unlike the personnel overlap phenomenon in the SFPE model and the personnel detour phenomenon in the Steering model. The application of the model in this paper was used to model and analyze the plan layout of shelves and displays at three types of exits in a supermarket. The results show that both the vertical layout of shelves and the layout of display stands have shorter evacuation times than the horizontal layout; the different layouts mainly affect the density of people in the exit area, resulting in different evacuation effects.