飞机防除冰机理及超疏水材料的机载应用

飞机表面结冰改变飞机的飞行动力学特性，严重威胁了飞行安全，因此飞机防除冰技术对于安全飞行有重要意义。本文通过分析飞机结冰的基本原理、类型、影响等，综述现有的防除冰技术的方法及优缺点对比，其次详细综述了超疏水材料的润湿性模型、机理等，同时对超疏水材料研究现状进行了全面综述并对其特定条件（超疏水特性失效）进行分析，特别指出了存在的问题和挑战。其次在单一防除冰系统缺陷的基础上提出了复合型防除冰系统，并对几种复合防除冰系统进行介绍且将其与单一防除冰系统进行对比。此外，针对超疏水材料应用可能出现的问题，提出了一种回路热管+超疏水材料相结合的飞机防除冰系统。最后，就超疏水表面与复合型防除冰系统存在的问题进行分析与展望，认为主被动复合型防除冰系统具有良好的应用潜力。

Exploration of Aircraft Anti-icing Mechanism and Airborne Application of Superhydrophobic Materials

The aircraft surface icing changes the flight dynamics characteristics of the aircraft and seriously threatens flight safety. Therefore, aircraft anti-icing technology is of great significance for safe flight. The basic principle, type, and influence of aircraft icing methods are analyzed and the existing anti-icing technology methods are summarized and compared. At the same time, the research status of superhydrophobic materials is comprehensively reviewed, and its specific conditions (superhydrophobic property failure) are analyzed, especially the existing problems and challenges. Secondly, based on the defects of a single anti-icing system, a composite anti-icing system is proposed, and several composite anti-icing systems are introduced and compared with a single anti-icing system. In addition, aiming at the possible problems in the application of superhydrophobic materials, an aircraft anti-icing system combining loop heat pipe and superhydrophobic materials is proposed. Finally, the problems of superhydrophobic coating surfaces and composite anti-icing and deicing systems are analyzed and prospected. It can be seen that the hybrid anti-icing and deicing system has good application potential.