基于数字高程模型的民航甚高频地空通信信号覆盖仿真

为解决起伏地形下民航VHF地空通信信号覆盖范围计算精度低、冗余度大、DEM数据获取缺乏自动性及信号覆盖图可视性差等问题,采用最大遮蔽角截止法等进行仿真研究。首先,考虑计算覆盖范围存在误差,提出利用反距离加权(IDW)插值法提高地形辨识度并在计算覆盖范围时考虑大气损耗;其次,为解决DEM数据获取缺乏自动性,利用Matlab编码自动提取;然后,考虑遮蔽角计算存在冗余,采用“最大遮蔽角截止法”降低计算量;最后,为使覆盖范围直观可视,绘制二维及三维的覆盖显示图。结果表明,这些方法使遮蔽角计算量相较改进前降低了约64.60%,信号覆盖精度相较改进前提高了约3.315%。改进的覆盖仿真程序可以为VHF地面通信台站选址及飞行航线规划提供有效支撑。

Simulation research on VHF ground-to-air communication signal coverage for civil aviation based on DEM

In order to solve the problems of low accuracy, high redundancy, lack of automaticity in DEM data acquisition and poor visibility of signal coverage map for VHF ground-to-air communication in undulating terrain, the simulation study is conducted by using the maximum obscuration angle cutoff method. Firstly, considering the errors in the calculation of coverage, the inverse distance weight (IDW) interpolation method is proposed to improve the terrain recognition and consider the atmospheric loss in the calculation of coverage; secondly, to solve the lack of automaticity in the acquisition of DEM data, Matlab coding is used for automatic extraction; then, considering the redundancy in the calculation of masking angle, the "maximum masking angle cutoff method" is adopted to reduce the calculation volume; finally, considering the redundancy in the calculation of masking angle, the "maximum masking angle cutoff method "Finally, in order to make the coverage area visualized, two-dimensional and three-dimensional coverage display maps are drawn. The results show that these methods reduce the amount of masking angle calculation by about 64.60% and improve the signal coverage accuracy by about 3.315% compared with that before the improvement. The improved coverage simulation procedure can provide effective support for VHF ground communication surveillance station site selection and flight route planning.