红蓼挥发油植物源杀菌剂的研制及其对三种细菌性植物病原菌的抑菌作用

马铃薯环腐病菌、番茄溃疡病菌、白菜软腐病菌这三种细菌性植物病原菌对农业生产危害严重。本研究以红蓼挥发油为研究对象，通过溶剂和乳化剂筛选及毒力实验确定红蓼挥发油植物源杀菌剂的配方，并以该配方配制植物源杀菌剂进行活体检测实验，分析其防治效果。实验结果表明，通过对5种溶剂及7种乳化剂的筛选，得出无水乙醇为溶剂，吐温-20为乳化剂。确定红蓼挥发油植物源杀菌剂的配方为：按质量比，红蓼挥发油2%，无水乙醇8%，吐温-20 8%，用水补至100%。该配方配制的红蓼挥发油植物源杀菌剂分散性、稳定性、pH值、热贮稳定性及冷贮稳定性各项指标均符合标准。在活体检测实验中，该杀菌剂对马铃薯环腐病菌的预防效果为30.00%～88.33%，治疗效果为43.33%～88.33%；对番茄溃疡病菌的预防效果为50.00%～97.00%，治疗效果为26.67%～96.67%；对白菜软腐病菌的预防效果为48.33%～98.33%，治疗效果为48.33%～97.00%。在实际应用中，综合考虑红蓼挥发油植物源杀菌剂对三种植物病原菌的防治效果及其成本，建议红蓼挥发油植物源杀菌剂稀释80倍后对马铃薯块茎浸泡处理，对番茄及白菜喷药处理，从而达到良好的防治效果。红蓼挥发油植物源杀菌剂对三种细菌性植物病原菌有显著的杀菌效果及良好的活体防治效果，可为三种细菌性植物病害的防治提供绿色途径。

Development of Botanical Bactericide of Polygonum orientale Essential Oils and the Antibacterial Effect on Three Bacterial Plant Pathogens

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carovorum, are seriously harmful to agricultural production. In this study, the Polygonum orientale essential oils were used as the research object. The formula of botanical bactericide of P. orientale essential oils were determined by solvent screening, emulsifier screening, and toxicity test. Based on the formula, the botanical bactericide was prepared and was carried out to perform in vivo experiments. The preventive effect and therapeutic effect were further analyzed. The experimental results show that ethanol is used as solvent and Tween-20 is used as emulsifier, based on the screenings of five solvents and seven emulsifiers. The formula of botanical bactericide of P. orientale essential oils is obtained as follows (according to the mass ratio): 2% P. orientale essential oils, 8% ethanol, 8% Tween-20, and water (adding up to 100%). The dispersibility, stability, pH value, heat storage stability and cold storage stability of botanical bactericide of P. orientale essential oils prepared by this formula are all up to the standards. In vivo experiments, the preventive effect of the botanical bactericide on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus range from 30.00% to 88.33%, and the therapeutic effect range from 43.33% to 88.33%; The preventive effect on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis range from 50.00% to 97.00%, and the therapeutic effect range from 26.67% to 96.67%; The preventive effect on Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carovorum range from 48.33% to 98.33%, and the therapeutic effect range from 48.33% to 97.00%. In practical application (considering the control effect and the cost), it is recommended that the botanical bactericide of P. orientale essential oils is diluted 80 times, and the implementation methods are immersing the potato tubers and spraying the tomatoes and cabbages. In conclusion, the botanical bactericide of P. orientale essential oils has significant effect against the three plant pathogens in antibacterial assay and in vivo assay. Therefore, it can provide a green way for controlling the three bacterial plant diseases.