苔藓和地衣对环境变化的响应和指示作用

隐花植物苔藓和地衣具有各类生境分布的广泛性、小范围内个体/种群/群落分布的稳定性、独特的生理特性及其对环境变化的生物敏感性,在环境变化响应与指示研究中已成为重要工具种。目前对隐花植物的监测指标包括:(1)物种生物量、种类组成及丰度指数等;(2)植株体内某元素积累量与环境含量间的相关性;(3)环境变化引起细胞代谢速率、光合速率、光合色素含量、各种酶含量及活性等的改变;(4)整合环境因子与监测种的生理生态指标间的相关性,构建监测模型。但不同物种对环境变化的响应存在差异性,选择合适的生物监测工具种及相应的监测指标,构建合理的"污染物类型-监测工具种-监测指标"的监测体系,将有利于进一步提升生物监测的可行性及可信度。

Response and bioindicator of bryophyte and lichen as cryptogamae plants to environmental change

Non-vascular cryptogams,particularly bryophytes and lichens have been an important tool in the research of response and indicator to the global change because they are found in various habitats,their distributions as individual/population/community are stable on a small-scale,and they are sensitive to environmental changes.The monitoring indices includes:(1) biomass of the species,abundance and diversity index of species;(2) correlation between certain element accumulation level within individual plant and the content of the element in the environment;(3) environment-induced changes in cell metabolic rate,photosynthetic rate and pigment content,and enzyme activities and concentrations;(4) integrated correlations between environmental factors and eco-physiological variables of monitored species and established monitoring models.However,responses of different species to environment changes were different.Research is needed in choosing suitable species for biomonitoring and the corresponding criteria,as well as in establishing reliable "specific pollutant-specific monitoring species-monitoring index" system.