The M-superfamily of conotoxins: a review |
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Authors: | Reed B. Jacob Owen M. McDougal |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1520, USA; |
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Abstract: | The focus of this review is the M-superfamily of Conus venom peptides. Disulfide rich peptides belonging to the M-superfamily have three loop regions and the cysteine arrangement: CC–C–C–CC, where the dashes represent loops one, two, and three, respectively. Characterization of M-superfamily peptides has demonstrated that diversity in cystine connectivity occurs between different branches of peptides even though the cysteine pattern remains consistent. This superfamily is subdivided into five branches, M-1 through M-5, based on the number of residues in the third loop region, between the fourth and fifth cysteine residues. M-superfamily peptides appear to be ubiquitous in Conus venom. They are largely unexplained in indigenous biological function, and they represent an active area of research within the scientific community. |
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