运动促进大脑健康：来自行为和脑科学的证据

 从分子水平、细胞水平和器官水平机制（脑结构和功能）等方面总结了体育运动促进大脑健康的可能神经机制；结合实证研究进一步揭示了运动促进儿童和青少年大脑发育及延缓老年人认知衰退的行为和脑科学证据；建议应注重多学科交叉探讨运动促进大脑健康潜在机制的因果关系、构建多模态预测模型，基于关键性机制，针对不同人群制定个性化的最佳运动干预方案。未来可增加大样本纵向研究，为运动干预成为临床治疗相关疾病的辅助手段提供科学依据和实践指导。

Exercise promotes brain health: Evidence from behavioral and brain sciences

This paper reviews the possible neural mechanisms of the physical activity in promoting the brain health, including the molecular, cellular, and organ-level mechanisms (the brain structure and functions). According to the empirical researches, the behavioral and brain science evidences show that the exercise does promote the brain development in children and adolescents and delay the cognitive decline in the elderly. It is suggested that the attention should be paid to the multidisciplinary intersection to explore the causal relationship of the potential mechanisms how the exercise promotes the brain health, to build a multimodal predictive model, and to develop personalized optimal exercise intervention programs for different populations based on the key mechanisms. In the future, large-sample longitudinal studies can be carried out to provide a scientific basis and a practical guidance for the exercise intervention as an auxiliary means for the clinical treatment of related diseases.