2021年空间科学与深空探测热点回眸

 2021年全球空间科学探索与发现热点竞相涌现。聚焦非载人航天,按空间天文、日球层物理、行星科学、空间地球科学等学科领域,梳理了各国空间科学任务的年度重要代表性成果,并对多个空间天文、日球层和行星（含月球）深空探测任务的工程成就和科学回报进行了归纳,包括但不限于人类航天器首次进入太阳大气层、太空台风可能影响地球空间天气、20亿年前玄武岩样品完善月球演化历史、火星地震探测揭秘其内部结构、星际空间发现等离子体波发射、深空望远镜再绘银河系结构图等。面向未来,欧洲空间科学“远航2050”规划、美国科学院2020年代天文学10年调查等给出的战略研判令人关注。尤为重要的是中国空间科学持续走近世界舞台中央,“悟空”科学数据正式公开,“慧眼号”“嫦娥五号”等科学任务助力空间科学家再度产出一批世界级原创成果。

Review of 2021 global space science activities

Space science exploration in 2021 achieved fruitful outcoming. In this article we review the major results based on the data of space science missions, mainly in categories of astrophysics, heliophysics, planetary science and space earth science. Besides, we analyze the outstanding engineering success and science achievement of several solar system probes. These results include but not limited to:the man-made satellite for the first time touched the solar corona, a space hurricane in the Earth polar cap region was detected, two-billion-year-old lunar basalts sampling helped to better understand the lunar evolution history, Martian seismic data revealed the deep interior of Mars, persistent plasma waves were detected in interstellar space, and a new all-sky map of Milky Way was charted. Looking into the future, we also analyze two very important strategic plans released in that year, i.e., European Space Agency's Voyager 2050 and National Academy of Sciences' Astro2020. As to newborn Chinese space science missions, the science data of DAMPE mission was released, and science missions like InsightHXMT and Chang'e 5 were yielding world-class output.