图像边缘检测研究进展

 图像边缘是图像的最基本和最重要的特征之一，它包含了位置、轮廓等许多有用的信息，为人们描述或识别目标及解释图像提供了一个重要的特征参数。边缘检测是图像处理、图像分析和计算机视觉领域中最经典的研究内容之一，是进行模式识别和信息提取的基本手段。已有的图像边缘检测方法很多，但每种方法都尚有不足之处，在某些情况下仍不能检测到目标物体的最佳边缘，未形成一种普遍适用的边缘检测方法。因此边缘检测一直是图像处理与分析技术中的研究热点，其新理论、新方法不断涌现。对已有方法进行改进，或是按照具体要求设计新方法，是目前边缘检测领域研究的主导方向。本文阐述了边缘检测的研究意义，总结了图像边缘检测的基本思想和检测出的边缘的一般要求，回顾了边缘检测的各种方法，分析了这些方法的优点和存在的不足，总结了边缘检测的最新发展方向。最后分析了现有的边缘评价方法的特点，为边缘检测进一步的研究和应用提供参考。

Advances in Research on Edge Detection of Images

The image edge is one of the most fundamental and significant features of the image. The edge contains a great deal of useful information on important contours and locations and offers people important parameters to describe and recognize objects in the image. Edge detection is one of the most basic operations in image processing, image analysis, and computer vision. It is one of the basic methods for pattern recognition and image information extraction. Research on edge detection has a long history, and there have been many algorithms proposed for it. However, all of the methods for edge detection still have some drawbacks and cannot detect the optimal edges in some cases. It is difficult to develop a general method for edge detection. Edge detection is a study hot spot in the field of image processing. New feasible theory and methods are proposed every day. The main research methods for the study of edge detection are to make improvements to existing methods or to find new methods for edge detection with special application requirements. This paper illustrates the significance of the edge detection and summarizes the elementary steps of edge detection and the general requirements for the obtained edge. Then it reviews the various methods of edge detection, analyzes the merits and the deficiencies of those methods, and summarizes the recent development of edge detection. Finally, it analyzes all kinds of common edge evaluation methods available at presently. This paper may serve as a valuable reference for future studies and applications of edge detection.