竞技运动中行为程序研究述评

在回顾国内外竞技运动领域中行为程序研究的基础上，对竞技运动领域中行为程序的界定、内容、理论机制以及应用领域进行了总结与归纳。行为程序内容包括认知心理与动作行为两部分内容。行为程序促进运动技能实施的内在理论机制包括图式理论、技能获得理论、定势假说以及心理演练。行为程序主要应用于一次性完成技能与整套动作技能实施中，其中，国外行为程序研究以一次行为完成技能为主，而国内行为程序研究更则以整套动作技能为主。行为程序有利于调控个体的心理状态，促进技能的稳定发挥。行为程序的设计应考虑个体的技能特征、技能水平以及个人偏好等因素。未来国内行为程序研究应加强对一次性完成技能的研究，同时，应考虑将静眼训练加入行为程序的设计之中。

Review on Preperformance Routine in Competitive Sports

In this paper, on the basis of reviewing on a large number of both home and foreign researchs,summa-rized the definition, content, theoretical mechanisms, and applicative areas of preperformance routine in the field of the competitive sports. Preperformance routine includes motor action and cognition. The theoretical mechanisms include schema theory, skill acquisition, set hypothesis, and mental rehearsal. Preperformance routine mainly was applied in one time completing skills and all set of motor＆amp;nbsp;skills. Domestic researches focused on the one time com-pleting skills,foreign researches focused on the all set of motor skills. Preperformance routine can regulate the psy-chological state of athletes and improve the performance. Design of preperformance routine should consider the skill characteristics,individual skill level, and individual pref-erence. Future domestic behavior program research should strengthen the study of a one-time skills, at the same time, should consider to add quiet eye training into preperformance routine.