运动领域中的应对：概念、测量与相关变量

应对是指个体为了适应由特殊的负担过重或超越个体资源所产生的内外部需求而不断改变的认知和行为努力。应对理论体系主要由以下构念组成：应激源、认知评估、应对资源、应对策略和应对效能。运动领域中应对的测量方法主要有访谈法和心理测量法。探讨了运动领域中性别、年龄、运动水平及运动项目等调节变量与应对的关系;梳理了运动领域中焦虑、自尊、人格及自我定向等中介变量与应对的联系。运动领域中应对未来研究应着重于进一步改进测量方法、分析相关变量之间的作用机制、拓展研究被试者的类型领域以及寻求理论研究与实践干预的有效契合。

Coping in Sport:The Conception,Measurement and Relevant Variables

Coping is defined as the cognitive and behav ioral effort that an individual makes in order to manage in ternal and external sources of psychological stress. The coping theoretical system mainly consists of the following constructs ： stressor, cognitive appraisal, coping resources, coping strategies and coping effectiveness. The primary measurement methods of coping in sport include inter views and psychological measurement. The moderator vari ables of coping in sport were analyzed from gender, age, skill levels and styles of sport. The mediator variables ofcoping in sport were explored from anxiety, selfesteem, personality and selforientation. Future research in this field should emphasizes the improvement of measurement methods, analyze the mechanism among the relevant varia bles,expand the field of vision and widen the subject＇s type and seek for theoretical research and practice inter ventions effective fit.