基于记忆合金的大承载低冲击解锁机构设计与试验研究

为满足航天器大承载、低冲击、快速响应的连接与分离需求,提出一种基于记忆合金驱动、具有非自锁传动特性和多级增力结构形式的解锁机构,对解锁触发系统和承载传动系统设计方法进行了研究,通过理论分析、仿真和测试,确定了影响记忆合金驱动性能和非自锁梯形螺纹副设计的关键参数。试验结果表明,该解锁机构承载能力强,解锁冲击小,响应快速,解锁时间同步性好,可重复使用,在航天器连接与分离系统中有很大的应用潜力。

Design and Experimental Research of a Large Load and Low Shock Release Device on Shape Memory Alloy

To satisfy the requirement of large load, low shock and fleetly response for spacecraft, a release device of unlocking characteristic and force step-added device based on shape memory alloy is developed. The design methods of the release trigger system and transmission system had been researched. Through the theoretically calculating, simulating and testing, the key parameters of SMA trigger behavior and unlocking screw thread were determined. The test results shows: this release device has the advantages of large load, low shock, fleetly response, repetitiveness and good synchronization. So it has great potential in connect-separate system for spacecraft.