论流域水土保持中水保与土保的关系

为揭示水土保持中＂水保＂和＂土保＂的关系,运用水资源结构分析方法,探讨了流域＂水流失＂的内涵.在此基础上,以安塞纸坊沟为例,利用土壤侵蚀的特征指标和水流失的特征指标分别表征土壤侵蚀和水流失,分析了水流失与土壤侵蚀之间的关系,并对不同目标下的水土保持用水进行了讨论.结果表明：水流失本质上就是流域生态环境水向潜在资源水和灾害水转化的过程;1938—1999年间纸坊沟流域水流失与土壤侵蚀的强度与程度之间均有较好的相关关系;纸坊沟流域土保可达到微度侵蚀的目标,此时的径流量约为6.77×10^4m^3,基本可满足河道生态环境需水以及一定社会经济用水的需求.

The Relationship Between Water Conservation and Soil Conservation

In order to reveal the relationship between "water conservation" and "soil conservation", analytical method of water resource structure was applied to discover the connotation of "water loss". Furthermore, with Zhifanggou Watershed as the study area, indicators of soil erosion and water loss were used to address the relationship between them, and the water use for soil and water conservation under deferent objectives was discussed. The results showed that essentially water loss was the transforming process of water for eco-environment to that of latent resource and calamity. From 1938 to 1999, both the degree and the intensity of water loss and soil erosion in Zhifanggou had good correlativity. The objective of soil and water conservation of Zhifanggou could be set to a soil loss tolerance of 1000t/(km2·a), with a corresponding annual runoff of 6.77×10~4m~3 which could meet the EWR(Eco-environmental water requirement) of the river ecosystem and a part of human water requirement.