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精密测量中的量子极限
引用本文:袁春华,张可烨,张卫平. 精密测量中的量子极限[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2014, 0(3): 345-359
作者姓名:袁春华  张可烨  张卫平
作者单位:[1]华东师范大学光与原子量子研究所,物理系,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学精密光谱科学与技术国家重点实验室,上海200062
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973项目)(批准号:2011CB921604)、国家自然科学基金(批准号:11234003,11129402,11004059,11204084)、博士点基金(批准号:20120076120003)、上海自然科学基金(批准号:12ZR1443400)以及中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目
摘    要:给定一个物理装置,对于一个物理可观察量能够得到的测量精度是什么?为了回答这一问题,本文以最近量子精密测量的发展为主线,量子参数估值方法为核心,介绍单粒子(线性耦合)体系和多粒子(非线性耦合)体系物理量测量精度的量子限制.作为例子,对光学量子精密测量中如何突破标准量子极限,甚至海森堡极限做了简明阐述.特别总结了非线性精密测量在突破海森堡极限方面的最新进展.最后,探讨了量子精密测量未来发展的可能趋势.

关 键 词:量子精密测量  标准量子极限  海森堡极限  超海森堡极限  相位灵敏度  量子免疫的子系统

Quantum limits in quantum metrology
YUAN ChunHua,ZHANG KeYe ZHANG WeiPing. Quantum limits in quantum metrology[J]. Scientia Sinica Techologica, 2014, 0(3): 345-359
Authors:YUAN ChunHua  ZHANG KeYe ZHANG WeiPing
Affiliation:1 Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
Abstract:Given a physical setup, what is the precision that can be obtained? In this paper, we firstly review the recently theoretical developments about the quantum parameter estimation. The measurement sensitivity can be improved from the Heisenberg limit (HL) to super-Heisenberg limit (SHL) by changing the coupling Hamiltonian from linear to nonlinear. Then we review some techniques which have been used to break through the standard quantum limit (SQL) and reach the HL in optical quantum metrology, and describe the experiment of nonlinear quantum metrology where the interaction among particles as a valuable resource can contribute to measurement sensitivity and give scaling beyond the HL. Finally, we introduce a potential new approach to the future developments of quantum metrology.
Keywords:quantum metrology   standard quantum limit   Heisenberg limit   super-Heisenberg scaling   phasesensitivity   quantum-mechanics free subsystems
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