父母教养方式与小学中高年级学生孤独感的调查研究

运用父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）和儿童孤独量表（Children’s Loneliness Scale）调查了341名小学中高年级学生，研究表明：1．除父母的情感温暖理解外，其余各因子男生均显著高于女生；中年级学生虽比高年级得到父母更多的情感温暖理解，但父母也更惩罚严厉，同时父亲的拒绝否认和过度保护也更严重。乡村学生较城镇学生受到父亲更多的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和过度保护，却较少受到父母的情感温暖理解。2．父母的文化程度越高，对孩子表现出更多的情感温暖与理解，父亲的惩罚严厉和拒绝否认也越少。3．农村的学生与城镇学生相比，其孤独感更强。4．合群儿童较孤独儿童享受到来自父母更多的情感温暖与理解，而较少受到父母的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和父亲的过度保护．5．父母各因子中除了过分干涉、过干涉过保护，其余均与儿童孤独感存在非常显著的相关，其中情感温暖与理解、惩罚严厉是影响儿童孤独感的最主要因素。

A Survey on the Relationship between Parents' Teaching Methods and Three-six Graders' Loneliness

EMBU of parents' teaching methods and Children's Loneliness Scale are applied to survey 341 three-six graders in primary schools.The results show that 1) except the item understanding parents' warmness,boys' other items are higher than girls';2) the better education parents received,the more warmness and understanding towards their children;3) Compared with the students in cities and towns,students in rural areas are more likely to be lonely;4) students who get along well with others enjoy more warmness and understanding from their parents;5) warmness and understanding,severe punishment from parents are the most important aspects influencing children loneliness.