加工番茄促生拮抗菌的筛选及其抑菌效果测定

针对新疆加工番茄病害发生普遍且为害严重的问题,进行了促生拮抗菌的分离筛选及其促生和抑菌效果的研究.从新疆各加工番茄主产区采集健康加工番茄植株根际土壤164份,共分离纯化得到细菌及放线菌分离物1029个,经室内一次筛选和二次筛选得到54株对番茄立枯丝核菌具有强拮抗作用的细菌菌株.促生试验表明,这54个细菌菌株中有6株细菌能提早加工番茄种子的发芽时间和提高加工番茄的发芽率,并对发芽后植株的株高、株鲜重和地上部干重的提高都具有明显的促进作用.盆栽接菌试验表明,有5株拮抗菌防治立枯病的效果较好,其中SL-23菌株的防治效果为46.96%,优于五氯硝基苯拌种的防治效果.5株拮抗细菌都对病原真菌立枯丝核病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）、枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici）、疫霉病菌（Phytophthora capsici）、菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）和病原细菌番茄细菌性疮痂病菌（Xanthomonas vesicatoria）有较强的抑制生长的作用,抑菌谱较为广泛.

The Selection of Growth-Promoting Bacteria and the Measurement of Bacteria Control Effect

Aiming at controlling several general and serious diseases occurring during production of processing tomato,we carried out studies on isolation and screening of strains with growth-promoting and disease suppression effect.At the same time,the suppression ability of bacterial strains to plant pathogen was also studied. The total 1029 isolates were obtained from 164 rhizosphere soil samples collected from main production areas of processing tomato in Xinjiang.The 54 strongly antagonistic bacteria strains that resistant to Rhizoctonia solani were obtained in vitro antagonistic examination.Through growth-promoting experiments it was found that 6 strains among of 54 antagonistic bacteria strains can significantly promote the sprout emergence and seedling growth.The sprout emergence time,sprout emergence rate,seedling height,fresh weight of seedling and dry weight of overground seedling of processing tomato treated with the 6 antagonistic bacteria were obviously higher than the controlled.By the greenhouse experiments,it was showed that 5 bacteria strains displayed distinctly disease control efficacy to Tomato Rhizoctonia rot disease,especially the SL-23 strain with control efficacy of 46.96 %,that evidently higher than the results treated with fungicide PCNB(0.81%).These 5 bacteria strains showed better inhibitory activities against the six pathogens which were Alternaria solani,Rhizoctonia solani,Phytophthora capsici,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,Sclerotinia.sclerotiorum and Xanthomonas vesicatoria,respectively.They had wide disease suppression spectrums.