牲畜品种结构优化及草原资源保护的激励与约束机制

研究牲畜品种结构变化对草原退化的影响，建立相应的保护草原资源的激励与约束机制，在建立有关数学模型的基础上，分析了两个品种牲畜结构下过度放牧对草原退化及经济效益的影响，设计了限制牧民（农民）过度放牧及促使其调整牲畜品种结构的最优惩罚额，提出了一系列优化牲畜品种结构及保护草原资料的激励与约束机制原则，通过建立草原保护的管理激励与约束机制，可以促进牧民（农民）优化牲畜品种结构，转变过度放牧行为。

Motivating and Restraining Mechanism of Optimizing Livestock Breed Structure and Protecting Grassland Resources

The influence of the change of livestock breed structure on the grassland degeneration is studied, and the motivating and restraining mechanism of grassland resource protection is set up. On the basis of some mathematics models, the influences of overload grazing with two breed livestock structure on the grassland degeneration and economic effect are analyzed, and the optimal unit punishing quantum for restraining farmers' taking overload grazing and urging them to adjust livestock breed structure is designed. Finally some principles of designing the incentive and restraining mechanism to optimize livestock breed structure and to protect the grassland resources are put forward. It can promote farmers to optimize livestock breed structure and change their behavior of overload grazing.