日本沼虾家系的初步构建及生长相关性状的遗传力估计

以日本沼虾太湖野生群体为亲本,采用不平衡巢式设计方法,每尾雄性日本沼虾配对5尾雌性日本沼虾,构建了4个父系半同胞家系和8个母系全同胞家系,并应用半同胞组内相关分析法估计了日本沼虾孵化后65 d和97 d体长、腹部长和体重的遗传力。结果表明:(1)各家系幼体培育成活率为13.52%~25.24%,每个家系平均产生92尾仔虾;孵化后65d和97d的养殖成活率分别为82.18%、57.88%;各家系雌性个体占绝大多数,雌雄比为1:0.01~0.08;孵化65d有部分个体开始抱卵繁殖,抱卵比例在1.75%~20.51%之间。(2)孵化后65 d和97 d体长、腹部长和体重的狭义遗传力估计值分别为0.082~0.180、0.075~0.160和0.125~0.213,其中以母系同胞方差估计的遗传力最高,父系半同胞估计的遗传力最低。初步结果显示,日本沼虾生长性状较适合进行家系选择或群体间杂交,但由于受个体抱卵率、成活率及育种设施等限制,进行大规模家系育种难度较大。

Initial Family Construction and Heritability Estimates for Growth-related Traits in Macrobrachium nipponensis

In this paper, a total of 36 maturing river prawns （Macrobrachium nipponense） were from Taihu wild population. 6 sires and 30 dams were mated by an unbalanced nest design. Each sire was mated to 5 dams, producing 4 half-sib groups and 8 full-sib families. Each full-sib family was reared separately and all families were given as equal environmental conditions as possible. Each family was harvested and the body length, abdominal length and body weight were measured at 65 and 97 days after hatching. The results showed：（1） the survival rate in larval rearing ranged from 13.52% to 25.24%, and there were 92 larvae on average in each family. Survival rate of breeding at 65d and 97d after hatching is 82.18% and 57.88%, respectively. Sex ratio in each family is 1：0.01-0.08 and some individuals at 65d berried, and each family berried ratio is 1.75% -20.51%. The above results suggested it is difficult for oriental river prawns to practise large-scale family-based breeding program. （2） The estimates of narrow-sense heritability calculated from the additive genetic component using a paternal half-sib correlation analysis ranged from 0.082 to 0.180 for body length, 0.075 to 0.160 for abdominal length, and 0.125 to 0.213 for body weight. It was suggested that the effect for improve-ment through family selection and hybridization between populations is more suitable for growth traits of orient river prawns.