知人知天：略论张载的学思历程

张载的学思历程可分为三个阶段：始自《中庸》；遍读佛道；返求六经，归宿《易》学。儒家《中庸》的“性与天道”是张载一生学术求索的起点和方向，对道教与佛教的学习与思考则深化了张载的形上思辨，以《玄纲论》和《楞严经》为例可见这种影响。针对儒家的“知人不知天”和佛道的“知天不知人”的各自弱点，最后张载以《易》为宗，为儒家的伦理道德、价值理想建构起一个形上本体和终极真理的依据，形成既“知天”也“知人”的理论体系，表现了他“学必如圣人而后已”的终极关怀。

Understanding Man and Nature: Academic Experience of Zhang Zai

Zhang Zai＇s academic experience can be divided into three stages： it first started from the research of the Doctrine of the Mean, then on the Buddhism and Taoism, and ended with the research of Book of Changes. Ethics and ontology, two major points discussed in the Doctrine of the Mean, are the starting point of Zhang Zai＇s lifetime academic pursuit. His ideology was deeply influenced by Buddhism and Taoism but not rigidly adhered to those two theories. The ideological framework of studying on beth ethics and ontology under the paradigm of Book of Changes, was Zhang＇s great innovation which can be seen as a breakthrough of limitations underlying those classic theories including Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.