北方乡村住宅节能与热舒适的形体参数多目标优化设计

为进一步降低北方乡村住宅采暖能耗、改善室内热舒适,依托Rhino-Grasshopper可视化编程平台,构建北方乡村住宅形体参数多目标优化设计框架.结合天津乡村实地调研数据,对北方乡村住宅规划和单体层面的9项形体参数进行了多目标优化,应用TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution )综合评价法对帕累托解集进一步筛选,得到L型及U型乡村住宅形体参数最终设计方案.结果显示:优化后的L型乡村住宅采暖能耗及热舒适表现均优于U型;L型、U型乡村住宅形体优化方案在基准建筑基础上分别节约采暖能耗16.6%~18.0%,16.3%~26.4%,室内热舒适改善16.5%~17.5%,2.1%~19.0%.

Shape Parameters Design of Northern Rural Houses for Multi-Objective Optimization of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort

In order to further reduce the heating energy of the rural house in North China and improve the indoor thermal comfort, a parametric energy-saving design framework of Tianjin City rural houses based on Rhino-Grasshopper software was constructed. Combining with the field survey of Tianjin village,9 parameters of planning and building design were selected for multi-objective optimization. TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution )comprehensive evaluation method was used to further screen the Pareto solution set. The results indicate that: the optimized L-shaped rural house has better heating energy consumption and thermal comfort performance than the optimized U-shaped rural house; the optimal solution of L-type and U-type rural house can save heating energy by 16.6%-18.0% and 16.3-26.4% respectively on the base of the benchmark building, can improve indoor thermal comfort by 16.5%-17.5% and 2.1%- 9.0%.