人才需求预测的含时变参数的弹性系数模型

1 模型的提出定义经济发展对人才需求的弹性系数α为(dx/x)/(dL/L),其中L表示一个国家(地区或部门)的人才数,x指相应的经济规模指标(如社会生产总值).显然人才的增长速度不能高于经济的增长速度,从而有α>1.由上述定义不难求得下述关系:x(t)=βL~α(t),然而直接用它进行人才预测是不太妥当的.因为影响经济增长的因素除人才之外还有很多,如资本投入量等,上述关系并未反映出其他因素对经济增长的影响,况且随着科技水平和管理水平的提高,弹性系数α也要发生变化.考虑到人才需求预测属中、长期预测,提出含时变参数α_t和β_t的弹性系数模型

An Elastic Coefficient Model with Time-Variant Parameters for the Forecast of the Demand on Specialized Manpower

Based on the demand of economic departments on specialized manpower, an elastic coefficient model has been developed. Because of the small sample size used in the forecast, a multi-layer hierarchical prediction approach is a-dopted to estimate the time-variant parameters and the recursive method is used to give the initial value of the estimated parameter series with the gray forecasting approach used to make a further forecast of the time-variant parameters.