铁碳微电解耦合苦草原位处理河道黑臭污水的研究

采用铁碳微电解耦合苦草原位处理河道黑臭污水技术，开展模拟实验，考察了铁碳组、苦草组及铁碳耦合苦草组对黑臭水体的净化效果，讨论了水质净化机理.结果表明，处理20 d，耦合组对COD、NH₄+-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为94.2%、85.7%、82.9%和96.1%，水质指标分别稳定在13.68±1.81、1.41±0.75、5.02±0.86、0.21±0.05 mg/L; 溶解氧(DO)和氧化还原电位(ORP)快速提升，分别由0.68 mg/L、-126.37 mV升高并稳定至(6.35±0.22) mg/L和(235.42±3.41) mV.耦合组对黑臭水的净化效果显著优于单一的苦草、铁碳填料组.耦合组的微生物多样性和丰度也有了明显改善，与降解有机物、脱氮除磷等过程相关的微生物群落相对丰度呈增加趋势，优势菌门有Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria、Firmicutes，优势菌属为Sediminibacterium、Candidatus Nitrotoga、Pseudomonas.耦合组处理过程以铁碳微电解氧化还原降解COD、产生质子H]和Fe2+ 为自养反硝化提供电子、Fe2+氧化后的Fe3+生成FePO₄沉淀等作用以及根际微生物和陶粒生物膜降解有机物和硝化反硝化作用为主，辅以苦草吸收氮磷，苦草光合产氧、根际泌氧作用及分泌物促进微生物硝化反硝化，通过协同作用净化水质.该研究为采用铁碳微电解耦合沉水植物快速净化河道黑臭水体提供了依据.

The Treatment of Black Odorous Water in the River with Iron-Carbon Microelectrolysis Coupled with Vallisneria Natans

The technology of iron-carbon microelectrolysis coupled with Vallisneria natans was constructed to treat black odorous water in the river, and simulation experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of an iron-carbon group, a Vallisneria natans group and a group of iron-carbon coupled with Vallisneria natans on the purification of black odorous water. The mechanisms of water purification in the experiments were discussed. The results showed that, in the coupling group, the removal rates of COD, NH₄+-N, TN and TP were 94.2%, 85.7%, 82.9% and 96.1% respectively, and the water quality indexes were stable at 13.68±1.81, 1.41±0.75, 5.02±0.86 and 0.21±0.05 mg/L respectively; DO and ORP increased rapidly from 0.68 mg/L and -126.37 mV to (6.35±0.22) mg/L and (235.42±3.41) mV respectively. The effect of the coupling group on the black odorous water purification is significantly better than that of the Vallisneria natans and iron carbon groups. The microbial diversity and abundance of the coupled group also improved significantly. The relative abundance of microbial communities related to the process of organic matter degrading and nitrogen and phosphorus removal increased. The dominant phyla of microorganisms were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and the dominant genera included Sediminibacterium, Candidatus Nitrotoga and Pseudomonas. In the coupling group, COD was decomposed with iron-carbon microelectrolysis redox, which produced H] and Fe2+ to provide electrons for autotrophic denitrification. Fe3+ resulting from Fe2+ oxidation formed FePO₄ precipitate, and the ceramsite adsorbed nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. Rhizosphere microorganisms and ceramsite biofilms degraded organic matter and promoted nitrification and denitrification. Vallisneria natans worked to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus and produce oxygen through photosynthesis. Rhizosphere oxygen secretion and secretions promoted microbial nitrification and denitrification, giving rise to the synergistic effect of water purification. This study provides a basis for the rapid purification of black odorous water bodies with iron-carbon microelectrolysis coupled with submerged plants.