额尔齐斯河流域气候特征及变化趋势分析

选取额尔齐斯河流域斋桑泊、塞米巴拉金斯克、鄂木斯克、托博尔斯克4个代表站1948~1995年实测逐月降水与气温资料,利用距平分析法、5年滑动平均法、坎德尔秩次相关检验法及相关水文统计方法对流域内气候特征及变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明:额尔齐斯河流域年均降水量在200~500mm之间,主要集中于夏、秋两季,下游降水较上游丰富,但年际变化下游小于上游;年及四季降水量在1948~1995年期间整体呈上升趋势;流域年均气温自上游到下游逐渐降低,但年际变化逐渐增大,流域年均气温多年来总体呈上升趋势.

Characteristics and trends of change in the climate of the Irtysh River Basin

Using an anomaly analytical method,a five-year moving average method, the Kendall test method and a hydrological statistical method,this paper analyzed monthly precipitation and temperature data from 4 stations,Zaysan,Semipalatinsk,Omsk,and Tobolsk,from 1948 to 1995,in order to identify characteristics and trends of change in the climate of the Irtysh River Basin.The results indicate that the average yearly precipitation in this basin is between 200 mm and 500 mm;precipitation is mainly concentrated in the summer and autumn; the precipitation in the lower reaches was much higher than in the upper reaches during the study period,but the inter-annual variation was higher in the upper reaches;the average annual temperature dropped from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, but the inter-annual variation of temperature in the lower reaches was higher; and the annual and seasonal precipitation and annual temperature increased on the whole from 1948 to 1995.