三峡库区重庆段土壤重金属污染富集的矿物学分析

分析了三峡库区重庆段51个土壤样品的矿物含量和重金属元素含量的变化,并对矿物含量和重金属元素含量进行相关性分析.结果表明,伊利石、高岭石、白云石、闪石、方解石和石英是土壤中主要矿物,且石英与其它几种矿物含量和土壤pH值成负相关性;Cu和Pb的含量显著高于Cd和Hg,而Cd的含量又高于Hg,但以Pb含量的差异性变化最大.同时,采用聚类分析方法分析土壤矿物组成及重金属含量,结果表明土壤矿物组成与各重金属含量之间存在明显的差异性,但相同来源的样品总体上亲缘性较近.采用R型因子分析方法分析土壤重金属元素含量变化的影响因素,Pb、Cu和Cd的含量都与高岭石和伊利石的吸附作用有关,而与蒙脱石、绿泥石的吸附性关系相对较弱;伊利石对Hg具有强吸附性.生活垃圾区的土壤明显存在重金属污染现象,特别是Hg和Cd污染程度相对较高,重金属主要被粘土矿物吸附,碳酸盐结合态和Fe氧化物结合态也较为普遍;母质土壤中,重金属被石英和粘土矿物吸附;长江水系沉积物中,重金属主要为粘土矿物吸附态,部分呈碳酸盐结合态,由于库底处于缺氧还原状态,Fe氧化物结合态的重金属被还原.然而,由于缺乏对土壤有机质等方面的分析资料,更深入的认识有待于下一步研究.

Mineralogical Analysis of Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Chongqing in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

This paper analyzes the mineral contents and their changes of heavy metal elements of 51 soil samples in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing,and analyzes the correlation between mineral contents and heavy metals concentrations.The results show that illite,kaolinite,dolomite,amphibole,calcite and quartz are the major minerals in soil;and quartz has negative correlation with several other minerals and soil pH;Cu and Pb contents are significantly higher than those of Cd and Hg,and Cd contents are high...