重要海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性与种质基因组的研究

过度捕捞、海区污染严重、海洋生态环境恶化等因素，使得海洋鱼类多样性受到严重威胁，鱼类资源正面临枯竭的危险。积极发展海洋鱼类的增殖和养殖，是海洋鱼类资源合理利用与可持续发展的基本措施和有效途径。海洋生物基因组研究是海洋生物资源开发与利用的基础和新的生长点，其中，积极开展重要海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性与种质基因组研究，必将对提高海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的理论水平和创建高新技术起重要促进作用。文章对重要海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性和种质资源基因组的检测、遗传性状的调控、分子系统进化研究等方面的目的、意义和国内外研究进展做了综合分析，并指出我国今后开展这些方面研究工作的重要性和应用前景。

STUDIES ON THE GENETIC DIVERSITY AND THE GENOME OF GERMPLASM RESOURCE ON MAJOR MARICULTURE FISHES

Due to overfishing, heavy marine pollution and deterioration of marine ecosystem, the diversities of marine fish are declined, the fish resources are facing an exhaustive risk. The implementation of proliferation and culture of marine fishes is the fundamental measures and effective ways for the reasonable and sustainable exploitation of marine fish resources. Genomic researches on marine life are the bases and new growing point for the exploitation of marine bio-resoures, and especially researches on the genetic diversity and germplasm genome on major mariculture fish will enhance the theoretical level and promote the development of new techniques for the proliferation and culture of marine fish. A comprehensive analysis on the purposes, significances and advances in the detection of genetic diversity and germplasm genome, the control of genetic trait, the studies of molecular phylogeny and evolution on the major mariculture fish is made in this article.