Amino acid and allozyme frequency changes in overwinteringChymomyza amoena (Diptera: Drosophilidae) larvae

Summary Proline is accumulated by overwinteringC. amonea larvae. Mortality averages over 50% by spring. PGM^F in the population shifts from 70% in summer to less than 50% during winter, increasing again in summer. Product synthesis from stored glycogen may be mandated in dipteran larvae also using larval proteins for cold hardiness when completion of development is delayed until spring.Thanks are gratefully extended to Derek Lamport and Patrick Muldoon of the MSU/DOE Plant Biology Laboratory for the amino acid analyses. Thanks are also extended to Jerry Wolfe, Director of Mt. Lake Biological Station in summer, 1985 and Blaine Cole, Director beginning summer, 1986 for research space, to the University of Virginia, Charlottesville for a fellowship for the work at MLBS in summer, 1986 and to all the property owners in Michigan and Virginia who allowed collection at their orchards, farms, gardens or residences. Apples in January and March, 1986 were from a university research orchard. — This paper is dedicated to Hampton L. Carson on his retirement.