基于DPSIR模型的流域生态安全评价指标体系研究

鉴于对受损或处于人为干扰下的流域进行恢复与保护的必要性和迫切性, 对一般性的“驱动力?压力?状态?影响?响应”(DPSIR)概念模型进行适当改进, 并将改进模型应用到流域尺度的研究中。基于改进模型提出包含5类指标的流域生态安全指标体系, 涵盖了生态安全灾变的整体情况。揭示了流域潜在的社会经济“驱动力”对流域生态安全造成“压力”, 引起流域生态、资源环境的“状态”改变, 进而“影响”人类活动, 最终促使一系列“响应”措施产生的完整因果链, 从而为流域生态安全灾变的分析提供了完整的研究思路。以金沙江流域为例, 在生态安全诊断的基础上, 纳入流域社会经济活动因素, 建立起一套评价金沙江流域生态安全的指标体系, 涵盖了包括人均GDP及其年增长率、水土流失面积比例、森林覆盖率等在内的59个指标, 验证了改进后的DPSIR模型在流域尺度生态安全评价中的适用性与重要性。

A DPSIR-Based Indicator System for Ecological Security Assessment at the Basin Scale

The DPSIR model was modified to meet the urgent decision making requirements on restoring the impaired basins under human’s disturbance. From the point of improved DPSIR model, an indicator system reflecting the panoramic view of ecological security for basin-scale assessment was established. This system has successfully revealed a causal chain of how social-economic behaviors as a driving force could make a pressure to ecological security so as to change its state and how such changes would affect human activities thus lead to a series of “response” measures. Given the specific environment of River Jinsha basin into consideration, an indicator system of 59 indicators i.e. per capital GDP, soil erosion ratio, forest coverage rate etceteraly was established to verify the applicability and importance of improved DPSIR model in basin-scale ecological security assessment. It is believed that the improved DPSIR model is of great value to provide scientific support and practical basis for basin-scale ecological assessment.