环烷酸的生物降解技术

环烷酸具有来源广、毒性强、难降解等特点，是油砂热碱蒸汽提炼沥青产生的尾矿废水中的主要毒性物质。由于其很高的质量浓度（40～120mg／L）和复杂的环状及侧链结构，传统的理化降解如热解、臭氧氧化、催化氧化等处理方法具有很多弊端。生物降解技术由于其降解效率的高效性而且不会产生二次污染产物而被认为是最有前途的环烷酸污染治理技术。本文分类探讨了微生物降解具有不同碳原子数、环数和侧链分支程度的环烷酸的机理和效率，对影响环烷酸生物降解效率的微生物菌属、酶的活性、环烷酸种类和浓度以及微生态条件等因素进行了分析，得出不同微生物降解环烷酸的最适环境条件。植物修复不但能够改善景观，还可以和微生物联合作用，从而大大提高环烷酸的降解效率，因此降解环烷酸高效菌株的筛选培育、植物一微生物联合修复成为今后处理尾矿废水中环烷酸的研究重点。

Biodegradation technology of naphthenic acids

Naphthenic acids （NAs） which have wide sources are a major contributor to toxicity in oil sands process-affected water （OSPW） generated by hot water extraction of bitumen. Due to its high concentration （40-120 mg/L） and complex ring and side chain structure, NAs are quite recalcitrant to be degraded by traditional physical and chemical methods such as pyrolysis, ozone oxidation, and catalytic oxidation process which have many disadvantages. Biodegradation is considered to be the most promising naphthenic acids pollution control method because of its high degradation efficiency and nonpolluting metabolites. This paper dis- cusses the biodegradation mechanism and efficiency of naphthenic acids with different numbers of carbon atoms, rings and side chain branching degrees. The effects of microbial genera, activity of the enzyme, naphthenic acid type and environmental condi- tions are analyzed and the optimum environmental conditions in microbial degradation naphthenic acid are achieved. Phytoremedi- ation can not merely improve the landscape but also stimulate the efficiency of NAs degradation significantly with microbial joint action. The screening and cultivation of high efficiency bacterial strain and plant-microbial remediation will be the focus of future research to dispose the NAs in taihngs wastewater.