Therapeutic neuroprotective agents for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Authors: | Rachna S. Pandya Haining Zhu Wei Li Robert Bowser Robert M. Friedlander Xin Wang |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA 2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA 3. Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA 4. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Abstract: | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal chronic neurodegenerative disease whose hallmark is proteinaceous, ubiquitinated, cytoplasmic inclusions in motor neurons and surrounding cells. Multiple mechanisms proposed as responsible for ALS pathogenesis include dysfunction of protein degradation, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. It is therefore essential to gain a better understanding of the underlying disease etiology and search for neuroprotective agents that might delay disease onset, slow progression, prolong survival, and ultimately reduce the burden of disease. Because riluzole, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment, prolongs the ALS patient’s life by only 3 months, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. In this review, we focus on studies of various small pharmacological compounds targeting the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of ALS and discuss their impact on disease progression. |
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