长距离明渠输水工程突发水污染事件的应急调控

以南水北调中线总干渠典型明渠段为例,开展长距离明渠输水工程突发水污染事件应急调控研究.采取数值模拟手段分析了不同闭闸调控方式和闭闸时间条件下渠段水流运动和污染物输移扩散规律,探讨了污染云团峰值输移距离和纵向长度计算方法,推导得出了将污染云团控制在事故渠段内的应急闭闸时间计算公式.在此基础上,提出了长距离明渠输水工程突发水污染事件的应急调控方案,并结合案例验证了方案的可行性.结果表明：针对突发水污染事件,应通过对比明渠输水工程各渠段的最大水流传播时间和将污染云团控制在事故渠段内的闭闸时间来确定闭闸调控时间,从而同步实现降低工程运行安全风险和控制污染物范围的目的.

Emergency Regulation for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents of Open Channel in Long Distance Water Transfer Project

Taking the typical main canal of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer project as an example, the research on emergency regulation of sudden water pollution accidents has been carried out for the long-distance open channel water transfer project. The numerical simulation is employed to analyze the water movement and pollut- ant transport law under the different conditions of the gate falling regulation and gate falling time. Calculation method of the pollution cloud peak transport distance and the longitudinal length is also discussed. Then the calculation for- mula of emergency gate falling time is proposed in order to control the pollution in the channel of accident. On this basis, emergency regulation rules are proposed for the solutions of sudden pollution accidents in long-distance open channel transfer projects, and the feasibility of the rules is verified by cases. The results show that for the sudden water pollution accidents, emergency gate falling time should be developed with a comparison of maximum wave propagation time in each section of open channel water transfer project and the time to control the pollution in the channel of accident. Regulation of the emergency gate falling time can reduce the security risks of operation and con- trol the pollution area simultaneously.