论英语语句情状动静态的相对性及其转化

情状是言语者所说语句的时间特征类型,判断情状的依据在于语句所表达的时间特征和语句主体的主观意识性,其基本核心在于语句的谓语动词。英语的情状可分为四类:状态、行为、完结与成就,其中状态情状以同质性和主体的无主观意志区别于其它三类具有或不具有主观意志性的异质类动态情状。一定的语句成分和语法手段可以使情状性质受到限制甚至改变,静态情状可以动态化而不改变其类型,动态情状则完全可以转变为静态情状,体现了语言表达中的情状相对性。

On Relative Transforming of Stative and Dynamic Situations

Situations or states of affairs is a k ind of language typology decided in s entences or utterances on the basis of temporal features and agent iveness,the core of which lies in the predicate verb.Situations in Engli sh can be classified into four categories:states,activities,accomplishments and achievements,among which the situation of states is distinguished by its homog eneity and non -agentiveness from all other dynamic situations with the f eature of heterogeneity and agentiveness.Si tuation types can be constrained or t ransformed by means of sentence elem ents and grammatical devices.While states c an be made dynamic,dynamic situatio ns can be transformed into stative situations.