共同配送合并策略及其配送成本

共同配送即合并运送，其目的在于将地域内随机发生且重叠运送的零星货物加以统合化与整合化。分析了存货合并、车辆装载能力合并及转运点合并3种合并运送策略，通过建立合并运送的收益与亏损之间的平衡模型，计算出各合并策略的配送成本。阐述了合并收益与降低运输成本、合并亏损与增加存货成本和延长配送路线之间的平衡关系，从而得出各合并策略的适用条件，为合并运送的实施和运输资源的优化配置提供了理论基础。

Consolidation Strategy and Distribution Cost of Joint Distribution

Joint distribution, which is called consolidation, is the process of combining different items, which are produced and used at different location and different times, into single vehicle loads. The aim of consolidation is to take advantage of the lower transportation charges that come from larger load sizes. This paper analyzes three kinds of consolidation, in inventory, in vehicle, and in terminals. Through establishing a trade-off model between consolidation benefits and penalties, the distribution cost of each consolidation strategy is calculated. It describes the trade-offs between the consolidation benefit of lower transportation charges and the consolidation penalties of increased inventory costs, longer vehicle routes. The application conditions of the strategies are summarized to provide theoretical basis for the actualization of freight consolidation and the optimization configuration of transportation resources. 3 figs, 9 refs.