基于区块链的微网群碳权交易优化决策模型

针对微网群碳权分配机制不合理、碳权交易效率低以及节点参与度不高等问题，提出了基于区块链的微网群碳权交易优化决策模型。结合区块链的信息透明、去中心化、安全可信的特性，建立微网群碳权交易架构。采用微网群违约惩罚机制，对微电网节点的信誉值进行定量计算，实现信誉值与微电网节点交易优先级的深度融合。利用改进的PBFT共识机制，将联盟链内节点进行等级划分，达到约束节点共识权限的目的。在此基础上，设计基于违约惩罚机制的碳权交易流程和算法，实现微网群内部多对多交易的自动执行，保障了碳权交易的高效性。根据微电网节点碳排放量阈值，将微电网节点分类，完成微网群碳权分配方案的针对性设计。在买方市场环境下，依据用户总效用收益最大为目标函数建立碳权交易优化决策模型，使微网群用户参与碳权交易市场的积极性得到极大提高，保障了微电网节点用户的经济利益。算例分析表明，该模型可以保障微网群碳权分配的合理性，在提高碳权交易效率的同时改善了微电网节点用户的效用收益，进一步提高了微电网节点参与市场交易的积极性。

Optimal Decision Model of Micronet Group Carbon Trading Based on Blockchain

Aimed at the problems of irrational carbon rights allocation mechanism of microgrid groups, low carbon rights trading efficiency, and low node participation, a blockchain-based microgrid group carbon rights trading optimization decision-making model is proposed. Combining the information transparency, decentralization, security, and credibility of the blockchain, a microgrid group carbon rights trading structure is established and a microgrid group default penalty mechanism is adopted to quantitatively calculate the reputation value of the microgrid node and achieve the reputation value and in-depth integration of microgrid node transaction priorities. The improved PBFT consensus mechanism is used to classify the nodes in the alliance chain to achieve the purpose of restricting the consensus authority of the nodes. On this basis, a carbon rights transaction process and a penalty mechanism is designed based on default. The algorithm realizes the automatic execution of many-to-many transactions within the microgrid group, ensuring the efficiency of carbon rights trading. According to the microgrid node carbon emission threshold, the microgrid nodes are classified to complete the pertinence of the microgrid group carbon rights allocation plan design. In a buyer’s market environment, the carbon rights trading optimization decision-making model is established based on the maximum total utility benefit of users as the objective function, which greatly improves the enthusiasm of microgrid users to participate in the carbon rights trading market, and protects the economic interests of microgrid node users. The calculation example analysis shows that the model can ensure the rationality of the carbon rights distribution of the microgrid group, improve the efficiency of carbon rights trading while improving the utility income of the microgrid node users, and further increase the enthusiasm of the microgrid nodes to participate in market transactions.