审美与启蒙的双重变奏——鲁迅文学教育思想初探

在文学教育中,审美与启蒙的矛盾一直是一个争论不休的话题.从广义上来理解,审美与启蒙在本原意义上是统一的.尽管两者实现的途径不同,审美主要是通过感性直观实现超功利.启蒙主要是通过理性启迪实现超功利.但它们都指向人的解放和意义的获得.理想的文学教育应该是这种广义的启蒙与审美的统一.但是在人类社会尚不完善的历史阶段,启蒙往往被狭义化,审美也往往被异化.本质相通的审美和启蒙在鲁迅的时代产生了分立.面对分立的两者.鲁迅的选择是凸显启蒙,搁置审美.这就形成了鲁迅重启蒙、轻审美的文学教育思想.

Double Variation of Aesthetic and Enlightenment——A Preliminary Study of Luxun's Opinion on Literary Education

In the literary education,the relation between aesthetic and enlightenment is a disputable question.Generally speaking,aesthetic and enlightenment is unanimous principally.Aesthetic realizes meta-utility through perception,while enlightenment through reason: they have different ways to aim,but they both direct to human liberation and significance obtainment.Ideal literary education is the unification of aesthetic and enlightenment.But,in imperfect historical phases of human society,enlightenment is always limited and aesthetic is always distorted.Therefore,aesthetic and enlightenment were separated in Luxun's age.Fronted with them,Luxun chose to emphasize enlightenment and shelve aesthetic.All that formed Luxun's opinion of emphasizing enlightenment and shelving aesthetic on literary education.